Cryptography & Secure Communication
The mathematics, algorithms, and historical practices that protect information in transit and at rest. From ancient scytalae to post-quantum lattice-based schemes, explore the foundations of digital trust.
RSA Algorithm
The foundational asymmetric cryptosystem relying on the practical difficulty of factoring large integers. Explains key generation, encryption, decryption, and security parameters.
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
The NIST-standardized block cipher operating on 128-bit blocks with 128, 192, or 256-bit keys. Covers SubBytes, ShiftRows, MixColumns, and AddRoundKey transformations.
Enigma Machine & Allied Codebreaking
The German rotor cipher system of WWII, its mechanical design, daily keying procedures, and the mathematical/political breakthroughs at Bletchley Park.
Zero-Knowledge Proofs
Interactive protocols allowing one party to prove knowledge of a value without revealing the value itself. Covers zk-SNARKs, zk-STARKs, and blockchain applications.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. Explores key size efficiency, ECDSA, and ECDH key exchange.
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Algorithms resistant to quantum computer attacks. Covers lattice-based, code-based, multivariate, and hash-based schemes standardized by NIST's PQC project.